Inheritance of fruit colour in a wild Russian red raspberry seedling

Summary A new gene, i, from a self-incompatible wild Russian Rubus idaeus seedling is described. The gene i interacts with the fruit colour gene T, Tii plants having apricot instead of red fruits, and spines, leaves and stems pigmented to varying degrees. A deficit of apricot-fruited seedlings in progenies segregating for i could be explained by linkage between i and the self-incompatibility S locus with a crossover value of approximately 26.7%.Segregations for spine colour in crosses and backcrosses of the Russian seedling with two green-spined (ttII) raspberries selected for their yellow fruit colour, showed that both the latter carried the spine colour intensifier gene P. This suggests that earlier authors were incorrect in attributing the apricot fruit colour developed by some tt plants to a pleiotropic effect of P.     

Complete or incomplete dominance of resistance of the oat cultivar Delphin as a function of crown rust culture

Summary In oat cv. Delphin (Bonda x Carstens Vii) two complementary genes were found conferring resistance to sixteen cultures of ten crown rust (Puccinia coronata Cda. var. avenae Fraser ET Led.) races. The complementary genes showed full dominance to eight races and incomplete dominance to two races.     

基于序列分析的13个中国梨品种S基因型鉴定(英文)

    为鉴定中国梨S-RNase基因及其S基因型,根据日本梨S-RNase基因保守区设计引物,对13个中国梨品种进行基因组PCR特异扩增,并对PCR产物克隆、测序、序列分析.结果鉴定出13个S等位基因,其中11个S基因与GenBank中已知的S1, S7, S12, S15, S16, S18, S19, S22, S27, S29, S34-RNases相同,另外2个则为新的S-RNase基因,命名为S37-RNase和S38-RNase,GenBank接受号分别为DQ839238、DQ839239.13个S等位基因中,在推导氨基酸水平上,S18与S27相似性最低,为58%,S7与S27,S12与S19,S15与S37及S15与S38间相似性最高,为94%.经分析,S19为中国梨中出现频率最高的等位基因,对其DNA序列进行限制性酶切位点分析,建立了一种快速、经济鉴定S19的方法,该方法无需测序而仅使用特异的限制性内切酶AflⅡ对PCR产物进行酶切消化.根据分子鉴定结果,13个中国梨品种S基因型被确定为:'冰糖'(S16S19), '六棱' (S16S19), '锦香'(S34S37), '鹅酥' (S15S38), '蜜梨'(S19S29), '甜橙子'(S7S12), '大青皮'(S19S34), '秋白' (S19S34), '紫酥' (S19S34), '花长把'(S19S22), '灌阳雪梨'(S18S27), '早蜜'(S19S29),'青面'(S1S18).     

Decreased nitrous oxide emissions associated with functional microbial genes under bio-organic fertilizer application in vegetable fields

Bio-organic fertilizers enriched with plant growth-promoting microbes(PGPMs)have been widely used in crop fields to promote plant growth and maintain soil microbiome functions.However,their potential effects on N₂O emissions are of increasing concern.In this study,an in situ measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma guizhouense(a plant growth-promoting fungus)on soil N₂O emissions from a greenhouse vegetable field.The following four treatments were used:no fertilizer(control),chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer derived from cattle manure(O),and organic fertilizer containing T.guizhouense(O+T,referring to bio-organic fertilizer).The abundances of soil N cycling-related functional genes(amoA)from ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA),as well as nirS,nirK,and nosZ,were simultaneously determined using quantitative PCR(qPCR).Compared to the NPK plot,seasonal total N₂O emissions decreased by 11.7%and 18.7%in the O and O+T plots,respectively,which was attributed to lower NH₄⁺-N content and AOB amoA abundance in the O and O+T plots.The nosZ abundance was significantly greater in the O+T plot,whilst the AOB amoA abundance was significantly lower in the O+T plot than in the O plot.Relative to the organic fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer application tended to decrease N₂O emissions by 7.9%and enhanced vegetable yield,resulting in a significant decrease in yield-scaled N₂O emissions.Overall,the results of this study suggested that,compared to organic and chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers containing PGPMs could benefit crop yield and mitigate N₂O emissions in vegetable fields.     

Powdery mildew resistance in winter barley cultivars

Powdery mildew is the most common disease of barley in the Czech Republic and winter barley plays a crucial role in the winter survival and reproduction of the pathogen. This study was aimed at identifying resistance genes in winter barley cultivars grown in the Czech Republic from 1971 to 2005 by using the method of postulation. Forty-one cultivars and a parental line were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei . In total, 26 resistance spectra were detected and the following 18 resistance genes were found: Mla6 , Mla7 , Mla8 , Mla13 , Mla14 , MlaMu2 , MlaNo3 , MlaRu4 , Mlg , Mlh , MlLa , Mlra , Ml ( Bw ), Ml ( Ch ), Ml ( Dr2 ), Ml ( Dt5 ), Ml ( IM9 ) and Ml ( St ). Two cultivars ('Kiruna' and 'Sorna') exhibited heterogeneity for mildew resistance. Another source of Mla13 and a possible centre of origin of Ml ( Bw ) are discussed.     

盐胁迫对桉树(Eucalyptus)活性氧代谢和CAT基因表达的影响

桉树耐贫瘠,盐胁迫影响桉树的生长速率,严重时造成桉树枯萎死亡。本研究以‘广林9’三月龄组培苗为材料,分别用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0, 30 mmol/L, 60 mmol/L, 90 mmol/L, 120 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L)处理20天后,检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)含量、丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA)质量摩尔浓度等生理指标以及CAT基因的转录变化。NaCl处理后,MDA质量摩尔浓度、H2O2含量显著升高,在90 mmol/L或120 mmol/L处达到最大值;盐胁迫下POD、SOD和CAT活性均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,并且在90 mmol/L NaCl时达到最大值。设无NaCl处理下CAT基因的表达水平为1,用qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR)方法分析不同盐胁迫下6个CAT基因的相对表达水平。随着NaCl浓度增大,CAT1、CAT2和CAT3的相对表达水平呈逐渐降低的趋势,NaCl浓度为30 mmol/L相对表达水平最高,分别为1.54、6.38和1.27;CAT5和CAT6的相对表达水平在120 mmol/L NaCl时达到最大值,分别为2.65和2.21;CAT4的相对表达水平随NaCl浓度增大而增大,并在NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L时显著升高,相对表达水平达3.31。结果表明:90~120 mmol/L NaCl浓度为桉树的耐盐胁迫的极限;盐胁迫会引起桉树ROS (Reactive oxygen species)代谢失衡,积累H2O2导致膜脂过氧化;6个CAT基因在不同盐胁迫强度下的转录变化差异显著,响应机制不尽相同。本研究可为桉树应答盐胁迫机理研究和桉树栽培管理提供参考。     

Oral administration of a medium containing both D-aspartate-producing live bacteria and D-aspartate reduces rectal temperature in chicks

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on the rectal temperature of young chicks of the oral administration of a medium that contained both live bacteria that produce D-aspartate (D-Asp) and D-Asp.

2. In Experiment 1, chicks were subjected to chronic oral administration of either the medium (containing live bacteria and 2.46 μmol D-Asp) or water from 7 to 14 d of age. Plasma-free amino acids as well as mitochondrial biogenic gene expression in the breast muscle were analysed. In Experiment 2, 7-d-old chicks were subjected to acute oral administration of the above medium or of an equimolar amount of D-Asp to examine their effect on changes in rectal temperature. In Experiment 3, after 1 week of chronic oral administration of the medium, 14-d-old chicks were exposed to either high ambient temperature (HT; 40 ± 1°C, 3 h) or control thermoneutral temperature (CT; 30 ± 1°C, 3 h) to monitor the changes in rectal temperature.

3. Chronic, but not acute, oral administration of the medium significantly reduced rectal temperature in chicks, and a chronic effect also appeared under HT conditions.

4. Chronic oral administration of the medium significantly reduced the mRNA abundance of the avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in the breast muscle, but led to a significant increase in avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT) mRNA in the same muscle.

5. (a) These results indicate that the medium can reduce body temperature through the decline in avUCP mRNA expression in the breast muscle that may be involved in reduced mitochondrial proton leaks and heat production. (b) The increase in avANT further suggests a possible enhancement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.     

水稻稻瘟病防治方法研究进展

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一,生产上对稻瘟病的防治没有特效的方法。为了对未来水稻稻瘟病在生产实际应用上提供一些参考,分别从化学防治、抗性品种培育、生物防治、栽培管理方法等方面概述了水稻稻瘟病防治方法相关研究进展。分析了化学防治、抗性品种、生物防治、栽培管理在生产应用上的利弊,指出了抗性品种选育、合理栽培管理技术和高活性生物农药三者综合利用将是防治水稻稻瘟病有效的措施。     

鹅产蛋性状全基因组选择信号分析

【目的】利用选择信号分析方法在伊犁鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅中筛选与产蛋性状相关的候选基因。【方法】选取健康状况良好、饲养管理水平一致的2岁伊犁鹅母鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅母鹅各24只,采集血液样本,提取基因组DNA,利用全基因组重测序技术进行选择信号检测分析,筛选出受到选择的候选区域,针对注释基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,进一步筛选出与鹅产蛋性状相关的候选基因。【结果】全基因组重测序的平均测序深度为15.28×,与参考基因组比对率在97.31%以上。通过群体分化指数(Fst)对伊犁鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅2个群体进行分析,共筛选到1 231个候选区域。与核苷酸多样性(Pi)进行联合分析后,伊犁鹅群体共筛选出10个候选区域,得到5个注释基因;霍尔多巴吉鹅群体中共筛选出353个候选区域,得到263个注释基因。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析发现,初步筛选出6个可能与鹅产蛋性状相关的候选基因(BMP2、BMP6、MIS、ENO1、LIF、EP300),还发现了IL-18基因可能与禽类的免疫有关。【结论】本研究筛选出6个可能与鹅产蛋性状相关的候选基因,为揭示鹅产蛋性状的分子调控机制提供了参考。